The American concept of “regime change,” which didn’t enter the popular lexicon until the end of the 20th century, was actually born in Iran. In 1951, at the dawn of the Cold War, Mohammad Mosaddegh, an intellectual and raging anti-imperialist, became prime minister and immediately set about nationalizing the Iranian oil industry. Harry Truman, on his way out of the White House, recoiled at British entreaties to help overthrow a duly-elected foreign leader; Dwight Eisenhower had no such misgivings. His brand-new CIA — under the leadership of Allen Dulles, brother of Secretary of State John Foster Dulles — staged what looked to the world like a popular rebellion, toppling Mosaddegh in 1953 and restoring the rule of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran.