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Despite removing investor demand, the ban does not negatively impact prices or transaction volumes as neighborhoods become more desirable to owner-occupiers. This desirability emerges through residential sorting: New homeowners have higher incomes, are more often Dutch-born, move shorter distances, and stay longer than the renters whom they replace. Thus, promoting homeownership may improve neighborhood quality but reduce mobility and housing opportunities for low-income renters.

Julie E. Cohen (Georgetown University Law Center) argues that understanding tech oligarchy is now an urgent priority in political economy

This Chapter investigates how the Internet has been, and is currently, governed. It examines multistakeholderism as one of the dominant approaches to Internet governance: the concept of multilateral collaboration and decision-making as to the content and infrastructure of the Internet. It identifies pitfalls with this model, including the hegemonic impulses of participants and the creep of private sector power caused by large technology companies. It then interrogates whether the emerging concept of digital constitutionalism can remedy multistakeholderism’s pitfalls in the age of the large technology company. The Chapter sets out areas of tension that proponents of digital constitutionalism will need to resolve if it is indeed to push back against the twin threats of private sector power and the emerging sovereigntist impulses of authoritarian states.

Data is a contextual phenomenon. It reflects the social and material context from which it is derived and in which it is generated. It embeds the purposes, assumptions and rationales of those who produce, collect, use, share and monetize it. In the AI and digital platform economy, data’s role is primarily infrastructural. Its core uses are internal to companies. Data only rarely serves as a medium of exchange or commodity, and more frequently serves to profile users, train models, produce predictions, bundle and extend product capabilities which in turn are sold to advertisers and other customers. Insofar as they focus on the former, many technical, economic and legal attempts at defining data have inspired reductive policy efforts that include data protection, data ownership and limited data sharing remedies. This paper argues that understanding data as part of infrastructural pipelines can have significant conceptual and policy implications, and can redirect the way privacy, property and antitrust experts understand and govern data. This argument becomes more salient as market actors and regulators grapple with the catalyzing effects of neural networks and generative AI models on digital markets. In antitrust and competition law especially, regulators are consciously adopting a view of data as an infrastructural input into AI and other digital markets. Treating data as an input over which certain firms have competitive advantages can have significant implications for nascent AI markets, and yet the views in antitrust remain too narrow. Understanding data infrastructurally means viewing it not only as a critical input but also as inseparable from other material digital resources such as protocols, algorithms, semiconductors, and platform interfaces; as having important collective functions; and as calling for public interest regulation. Understanding data as infrastructure can move us past limited legal efforts and remedial solutions such as data separations, data sharing, and individual controls, and help reorient how data is produced, stored and managed toward public uses.

In this paper, we discuss the role competition law can play in safeguarding the democratic ideal. We do so against the background of the tech-driven decline of democracy that can be witnessed around the globe.

To address concerns about the competitive dynamics of digital markets, the promotion of interoperability has been often pointed out as a fundamental component of policy reform agendas. In the case of mobile ecosystems, the smooth and seamless availability of interoperability features is crucial as third-party devices and apps would be otherwise unable to effectively work and participate within the ecosystems. However, access to application programming interfaces (APIs) may be restricted due to privacy, security, or technical constraints. Further, an ecosystem orchestrator may misuse its rule-setting role to pursue anticompetitive goals by restricting or degrading interoperability for third-party services and devices. The paper aims at investigating whether and how effective interoperability could be achieved through the enforcement of competition rules or whether it would require regulatory interventions, such as those envisaged in the European Digital Markets Act (DMA).

A good critique of Twitter and future direction of social networking apps.

The Maidan massacre trials and investigations have revealed various evidence that four killed and several dozen wounded policemen and at least the absolute majority of 49 killed and 157 wounded Maidan protesters were massacred on February 20, 2014 by snipers in Maidan-controlled buildings and areas. Such evidence includes testimonies of the absolute majority of wounded protesters, several dozens of prosecution witnesses, dozens of defense witnesses, and 14 self-admitted members of Maidan snipers groups.