What is the life of a single soldier, compared to the GLORY OF ROME?
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Explanation: In Abrahamic mythology, the core religious figure of Abraham, for no other reason than that YHWH instructed him to, bound his young child, Isaac, and prepared to sacrifice him. At the last moment, YHWH revealed it was only a test of his faith.
In Roman history, during the Early-Mid Republic, Consuls (who served as both generals and civilian leaders) Publius Decius Mus and Titus Manlius Torquatus mutually agreed during the Latin War (Romans were Latin-speakers, but Latins were filthy, neighboring Italians that committed the crime of being slightly different than them, and thus were barbaric) that if either wing of the army began to falter, the consul on that wing would perform devotio, an old ritual of self-sacrifice, in which the one performing the rite dedicated themselves to the gods of the underworld in exchange for victory in battle.
Mus’s wing faltered first, so he called upon the high priest, performed the ritual (it was relatively brief, a little movement of the toga and some presumably-loudly-pronounced ritual words), and then, to fulfill the sacrifice portion of the ritual, charged in full armor, alone, into the mass of advancing Latin troops, killing several of them and fighting with such fury that they were too terrified to meet him in melee (supposedly). A javelin eventually killed him.
Upon seeing this, the Romans swept forward, assured by their belief in the validity of their general’s sacrifice, and filling the gap created by the crazed death-seeking charge of Consul Mus, managed to rout the Latins entirely, leading to a Roman victory in the battle.
The ritual, for those interested:
The Pontifex bade him veil his head in his toga praetexta, and rest his hand, covered with the toga, against his chin, then standing upon a spear to say these words: “Janus, Jupiter, Father Mars, Quirinus, Bellona, Lares, ye Novensiles and Indigetes, deities to whom belongs the power over us and over our foes, and ye, too, Divine Manes [ancestor spirits], I pray to you, I do you reverence, I crave your grace and favour that you will bless the Roman People, the Quirites, with power and victory, and visit the enemies of the Roman People, the Quirites [citizens], with fear and dread and death. In like manner as I have uttered this prayer so do I now on behalf of the commonwealth of the Quirites, on behalf of the army, the legions, the auxiliaries of the Roman People, the Quirites, devote the legions and auxiliaries of the enemy, together with myself to the Divine Manes and to Earth.”
I’ll give you guys some past background on the Roman-Latin Wars. Specially on why the fuck the Romans considered themselves not Latins. There’s a lot of conjectures in my comment, though, so take the whole thing with a grain of salt.
Initially, Italy was inhabited by Pre-Indo-European peoples: a fancy way to say “we don’t know who they *were*, only who they *were not*”.
Then speakers of Proto-Italic (an Indo-European language) invaded the peninsula, settled it, and assimilated the natives. And Proto-Italic eventually fragmented into multiple languages: Oscan, Umbrian, Faliscan, Latin, etc.
But then, you had a second invasion, of Proto-Tyrsenian (not Indo-European) speakers. Their language also fragmented, into Etruscan, Rhaetic etc. But they never controlled the whole peninsula, only parts of it:
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Grey hues are Italic, red hues are Tyrsenian. The Tyrsenian expansion hit a physical wall to the East, due to the Apennine Mountains, but there was no such a wall to the South. What stopped their expansion was the now-local Latin and Faliscan peoples forming a confederation of cities and villages, nowadays known as the Latin League, to fight off the invaders.
However, one of the Latin cities become too powerful, due to the influx and assimilation of neighbouring Umbrian immigrants. And it was far enough from the Etruscans (the southern Tyrsenians) it didn’t care enough about the war. I think it seceded from the League, but it’s also possible it was never part of it. Either way, that city started spreading its tendrils into the rest of the region, like a cancer. A cancer called Rome.
If Rome did secede from the League, this was in 753 BCE, when monarchy was established. Classical sources claim this was the date the city was founded, but I call it bullshit — because there’s no way a century young city would have enough power to fight against a well-established confederation and win.
That initial fight happens in 643 BCE, when the Roman-Latin wars start. Titus Livius claims the Latins started it; I think they were trying to force Rome [back] into the league. It would be a power boost if they won, right? Well, they lost, and the population of many cities of the League was resettled into Rome, further weakening one side and strengthening the other.
509 BCE came in, and the kingdom of Rome became an oligarchy / “republic”. But the battles continued. Sometimes a Roman settlement would defect to the Latins, but it was quickly brought back by force.
Then “the” Latin War happened, the one PugJesus mentioned. This was already in 340 BCE, after three whole centuries of conflict; more than enough time to create a “us vs. them” mindset. Frankly, I think Decius Mus knew Rome would win the war, even without his own sacrifice; but there was still the ghost of Etruria to the north, and if both the League and the Romans were weakened by a long-drawn war, the Etruscans would wipe the floor with both.
It worked — 338 BCE and the League was dissolved, but Rome picked the torch in the fight against the Etruscans. Just three generations later (264 BCE) and Etruria was gone, conquered by Rome. The Rhaetic-speaking tribes I mentioned above would take longer, near the end of the Republic (15 BCE), but that’s because they lived in the middle of the [nowadays] Swiss-Austrian Alps.
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Lvxferre [he/him]
Explanation: In Abrahamic mythology, the core religious figure of Abraham, for no other reason than that YHWH instructed him to, bound his young child, Isaac, and prepared to sacrifice him. At the last moment, YHWH revealed it was only a test of his faith.
In Roman history, during the Early-Mid Republic, Consuls (who served as both generals and civilian leaders) Publius Decius Mus and Titus Manlius Torquatus mutually agreed during the Latin War (Romans were Latin-speakers, but Latins were filthy, neighboring Italians that committed the crime of being slightly different than them, and thus were barbaric) that if either wing of the army began to falter, the consul on that wing would perform devotio, an old ritual of self-sacrifice, in which the one performing the rite dedicated themselves to the gods of the underworld in exchange for victory in battle.
Mus’s wing faltered first, so he called upon the high priest, performed the ritual (it was relatively brief, a little movement of the toga and some presumably-loudly-pronounced ritual words), and then, to fulfill the sacrifice portion of the ritual, charged in full armor, alone, into the mass of advancing Latin troops, killing several of them and fighting with such fury that they were too terrified to meet him in melee (supposedly). A javelin eventually killed him.
Upon seeing this, the Romans swept forward, assured by their belief in the validity of their general’s sacrifice, and filling the gap created by the crazed death-seeking charge of Consul Mus, managed to rout the Latins entirely, leading to a Roman victory in the battle.
The ritual, for those interested:
What a badass.
His son, also named Publius Decius Mus, would later follow his example at the Battle of Sentinum in 295 BC against a coalition of Samnites and Gauls. He performed devotio and the Romans won the battle, which would prove to be the decisive battle of the Third Samnite War.
Like father, like son!
Based YHWH doesn’t demand human sacrifice while cringe Pluto wants his own people dead and supports imperialism.
Well he did demand it. He just said “lol just kidding” before the sacrifice went through.